• ▪ Introduction to PL/SQL

• ▪ Use of Variables
  ▪ Type of Variables
  ▪ Bind Variables

• ▪ PL/SQL Block, SQL Functions in PL/SQL
  ▪ Nested Blocks
  ▪ Operators, Programming Guidelines

• ▪ SQL Statements in PL/SQL
  ▪ Manipulate Data, SQL Cursor

• ▪ IF, IF THEN ELSE, IF ELSIF ELSE Clause
  ▪ Case Expressions, Handling Nulls
  ▪ Iterative Control: LOOP Statements

• ▪ Composite Data Types
  ▪ PL/SQL Records
  ▪ Associative Arrays (INDEX BY Tables)

• ▪ Explicit Cursor Operations
  ▪ Working with Cursors
  ▪ FOR UPDATE, WHERE CURRENT OF Clauses

• ▪ Understanding Exceptions
  ▪ Syntax and Guidelines

• ▪ Introducing Stored Procedures and Functions

• ▪ Subprograms
  ▪ Creating, Using and Calling Procedures
  ▪ Handled Exceptions

• ▪ Stored Functions
  ▪ Debugging Subprograms

• ▪ What Are PL/SQL Packages?
  ▪ Creating and using packages

▪ Overloading, forward declarations, and initialization block
▪ Persistent State of Packages

▪ Using Oracle-Supplied Packages in Application Development
▪ DBMS_OUTPUT, UTL_FILE and UTL_MAIL Packages

▪ Standardizing Constants and Exceptions, Autonomous Transactions
▪ NOCOPY and PARALLEL_ENABLE Hints, DETERMINISTIC Clause
▪ RETURNING Clause, Using Bulk Binding

▪ Defining Triggers
▪ DML Triggers
▪ Using OLD and NEW Qualifiers , INSTEAD OF Triggers
▪ The Status of a Trigger

▪ What Is a Compound Trigger?
▪ Trigger Restrictions on Mutating Tables
▪ Creating Triggers on DDL Statements, Event Triggers